Supabase: Extract DB Connection Strings

🔴 CRITICAL: PROGRESSIVE FILE UPDATES REQUIRED

You MUST write to context files AS YOU GO, not just at the end.

• Write to .sb-pentest-context.json IMMEDIATELY after each discovery
• Log to .sb-pentest-audit.log BEFORE and AFTER each action
• DO NOT wait until the skill completes to update files
• If the skill crashes or is interrupted, all prior findings must already be saved

This is not optional. Failure to write progressively is a critical error.

This skill detects if PostgreSQL database connection strings are accidentally exposed in client-side code.

When to Use This Skill

• As part of every security audit
• When reviewing code before production
• When Supabase database access is suspected

Prerequisites

• Target application accessible
• Supabase detection completed (auto-invokes if needed)

Why This Is Critical

Exposed database connection strings allow:

| Impact | Description | |--------|-------------| | 🔴 Direct DB Access | Bypass API, connect directly to PostgreSQL | | 🔴 Full Data Access | Read/write all data without RLS | | 🔴 Schema Access | View and modify database structure | | 🔴 User Enumeration | Access auth.users table directly |

This is a P0 (Critical) finding requiring immediate action.

Connection String Patterns

Supabase Database URL

postgresql://postgres:[password]@db.[project-ref].supabase.co:5432/postgres

Connection String Components

| Component | Example | Sensitivity | |-----------|---------|-------------| | Host | db.abc123.supabase.co | Medium | | Port | 5432 | Low | | Database | postgres | Low | | Username | postgres | Medium | | Password | [your-password] | 🔴 Critical |

Pooler Connection (Supavisor)

postgresql://postgres.[project-ref]:[password]@aws-0-us-east-1.pooler.supabase.com:6543/postgres

Detection Patterns

1. Full Connection Strings

// ❌ CRITICAL - Full connection string
const dbUrl = 'postgresql://postgres:MySecretPass123@db.abc123.supabase.co:5432/postgres'

2. Environment Variable Leaks

// ❌ Exposed in client bundle
process.env.DATABASE_URL
process.env.POSTGRES_URL
process.env.SUPABASE_DB_URL

3. Partial Exposure

// ⚠️ Password exposed separately
const DB_PASSWORD = 'MySecretPass123'
const DB_HOST = 'db.abc123.supabase.co'

4. ORM Configuration

// ❌ Database config in client code
const prisma = new PrismaClient({
  datasources: {
    db: {
      url: 'postgresql://postgres:pass@db.abc123.supabase.co:5432/postgres'
    }
  }
})

Usage

Basic Check

Check for database connection strings on https://myapp.example.com

Deep Scan

Deep scan for DB credentials on https://myapp.example.com

Output Format

No Connection String Found (Good)

═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
 DATABASE CONNECTION STRING CHECK
═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

 Status: ✅ No database connection strings detected

 Scanned:
 ├── JavaScript bundles: 5 files analyzed
 ├── PostgreSQL patterns: None found
 ├── Connection strings: None found
 └── Password patterns: None found

 Result: PASS - No direct database credentials exposed
═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

Connection String FOUND (Critical)

═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
 🔴 CRITICAL: DATABASE CONNECTION STRING EXPOSED
═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

 Severity: P0 - CRITICAL
 Status: ❌ PostgreSQL connection string found in client code!

 ⚠️  IMMEDIATE ACTION REQUIRED ⚠️

 Connection String:
 postgresql://postgres:MySecr***@db.abc123def.supabase.co:5432/postgres
 (Password partially redacted in display, full value in context file)

 Parsed Components:
 ├── Host: db.abc123def.supabase.co
 ├── Port: 5432
 ├── Database: postgres
 ├── Username: postgres
 └── Password: [EXPOSED] ← CRITICAL

 Location:
 └── /static/js/api.chunk.js (line 234)
     const DATABASE_URL = 'postgresql://postgres:...'

 Impact Assessment:
 ├── 🔴 Direct PostgreSQL access possible
 ├── 🔴 All RLS policies bypassed
 ├── 🔴 Can access auth.users table
 ├── 🔴 Can modify database schema
 └── 🔴 Full data exfiltration possible

 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
 IMMEDIATE REMEDIATION STEPS
 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

 1. CHANGE DATABASE PASSWORD NOW
    → Supabase Dashboard > Settings > Database > Reset database password

 2. REMOVE FROM CLIENT CODE
    → Delete connection string from source code
    → Ensure DATABASE_URL is not in NEXT_PUBLIC_* or VITE_* env vars
    → Redeploy application

 3. AUDIT FOR ABUSE
    → Check Supabase logs for direct PostgreSQL connections
    → Review for unauthorized data access or modifications

 4. USE PROPER ARCHITECTURE
    → Client should ONLY use Supabase client library (REST API)
    → Direct DB access should ONLY be from:
      - Edge Functions
      - Server-side code
      - Migration tools

 Documentation:
 → https://supabase.com/docs/guides/database/connecting-to-postgres
 → https://supabase.com/docs/guides/functions

═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

Context Output

{
  "findings": [
    {
      "id": "DB_CONNECTION_STRING_EXPOSED",
      "severity": "P0",
      "title": "PostgreSQL Connection String Exposed",
      "description": "Database connection string with password found in client-side code",
      "location": {
        "file": "/static/js/api.chunk.js",
        "line": 234
      },
      "evidence": {
        "host": "db.abc123def.supabase.co",
        "port": 5432,
        "database": "postgres",
        "username": "postgres",
        "password_exposed": true
      },
      "remediation": {
        "immediate": "Reset database password in Supabase Dashboard",
        "long_term": "Move DB operations to Edge Functions",
        "docs": "https://supabase.com/docs/guides/database/connecting-to-postgres"
      }
    }
  ],
  "supabase": {
    "db_string_exposed": true,
    "db_host": "db.abc123def.supabase.co"
  }
}

Partial Exposure

Even partial exposure is concerning:

═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
 ⚠️ PARTIAL DATABASE CREDENTIALS FOUND
═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

 Severity: P1 - High

 Found:
 ├── Database host: db.abc123def.supabase.co (line 45)
 ├── Database password: [16 char string] (line 89)
 └── Could potentially be combined for access

 Recommendation:
 → Rotate database password as precaution
 → Remove all DB-related values from client code
═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

Common Causes

| Cause | Solution | |-------|----------| | Wrong env prefix | Never use NEXT_PUBLIC_DATABASE_URL | | SSR code in client | Ensure server-only code stays server-side | | Bundler misconfiguration | Review webpack/vite config for env exposure | | Copy-paste error | Double-check what you're committing |

Architecture Guidance

Wrong (Direct DB in Client)

// ❌ NEVER in client code
import { Pool } from 'pg'
const pool = new Pool({
  connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL  // ❌
})

Correct (API or Edge Function)

// ✅ Client uses Supabase client
const { data } = await supabase
  .from('products')
  .select('*')

// OR call an Edge Function for complex queries
const { data } = await supabase.functions.invoke('complex-query')

Edge Function (Server-Side)

// supabase/functions/complex-query/index.ts
import { createClient } from '@supabase/supabase-js'

Deno.serve(async (req) => {
  // ✅ Direct DB access only on server
  const supabase = createClient(
    Deno.env.get('SUPABASE_URL'),
    Deno.env.get('SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY')
  )

  // Complex query that can't be done via REST
  const { data } = await supabase.rpc('complex_function')
  return new Response(JSON.stringify(data))
})

MANDATORY: Progressive Context File Updates

⚠️ This skill MUST update tracking files PROGRESSIVELY during execution, NOT just at the end.

Critical Rule: Write As You Go

DO NOT batch all writes at the end. Instead:

1. Before starting any action → Log the action to .sb-pentest-audit.log
2. After each discovery → Immediately update .sb-pentest-context.json
3. After each significant step → Log completion to .sb-pentest-audit.log

This ensures that if the skill is interrupted, crashes, or times out, all findings up to that point are preserved.

Required Actions (Progressive)

1. Update .sb-pentest-context.json with findings:

   {
     "supabase": {
       "db_string_exposed": true/false,
       "db_host": "db.[ref].supabase.co"
     },
     "findings": [
       {
         "id": "DB_CONNECTION_STRING_EXPOSED",
         "severity": "P0",
         ...
       }
     ]
   }
   

2. Log to .sb-pentest-audit.log:

   [TIMESTAMP] [supabase-extract-db-string] [START] Checking for DB connection strings
   [TIMESTAMP] [supabase-extract-db-string] [CRITICAL] Connection string EXPOSED
   [TIMESTAMP] [supabase-extract-db-string] [CONTEXT_UPDATED] .sb-pentest-context.json updated
   

3. If files don't exist, create them before writing.

FAILURE TO UPDATE CONTEXT FILES IS NOT ACCEPTABLE.

MANDATORY: Evidence Collection

📁 Evidence Directory: .sb-pentest-evidence/02-extraction/db-string-exposure/

Evidence Files to Create (if DB string found)

| File | Content | |------|---------| | db-string-exposure/connection-details.json | Parsed connection string (password redacted) | | db-string-exposure/location.txt | File path and line number |

Evidence Format (P0 Finding)

{
  "evidence_id": "EXT-DB-001",
  "timestamp": "2025-01-31T10:12:00Z",
  "category": "extraction",
  "type": "db_connection_string",
  "severity": "P0",
  "finding_id": "P0-002",

  "connection_string": {
    "pattern": "postgresql://postgres:[REDACTED]@db.abc123def.supabase.co:5432/postgres",
    "host": "db.abc123def.supabase.co",
    "port": 5432,
    "database": "postgres",
    "username": "postgres",
    "password_exposed": true,
    "password_length": 24
  },

  "location": {
    "file": "/static/js/api.chunk.js",
    "line": 234,
    "context": "const DATABASE_URL = 'postgresql://postgres:...' // [REDACTED]"
  },

  "impact": {
    "direct_db_access": true,
    "rls_bypass": true,
    "schema_access": true,
    "auth_users_access": true
  },

  "remediation": {
    "immediate": "Reset database password in Supabase Dashboard",
    "remove_from_code": "Delete DATABASE_URL from client code",
    "verify_env_vars": "Ensure not using NEXT_PUBLIC_DATABASE_URL or similar"
  }
}

Add to timeline.md (P0)

## [TIMESTAMP] - 🔴 P0 CRITICAL: Database Connection String Exposed
- PostgreSQL connection string with password found in client code
- Location: [file]:[line]
- Impact: Direct database access, full RLS bypass
- Evidence: `02-extraction/db-string-exposure/`
- **IMMEDIATE PASSWORD ROTATION REQUIRED**

Related Skills

• supabase-extract-service-key — Check for service key exposure
• supabase-audit-tables-read — Test data access via API
• supabase-report — Generate comprehensive report